Cybersam's Blog - The New UNIX Shell Category

Monday, April 04, 2005

The New UNIX Shell Category

I use UNIX quite a lot but my retention rate of UNIX commands is less than desirable so I have created a new category called "UNIX Shell" on my blog to help me remember some of the *NIX (UNIX, Linux, etc) scripts and commands that I have found useful.

First tip on this category is the xargs command that used in UNIX shell to break a data stream into small enough for commands to process. Let's suppose you want to search for MP3 files that you have added to your music library folder in the past week and copy them to another foler, you can issue this command:

find . -name '*.mp3' -mtime -7 -print | xargs -i -t cp {} /tmp

4/4/2005 4:36:38 PM (Eastern Daylight Time, UTC-04:00) Comments [22] Computers
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4/5/2005 2:23:58 PM (Eastern Daylight Time, UTC-04:00)

Why not just

cp -p `find . -name '*.mp3' -mtime -7 -print` /tmp

Mane |maneAT NOSPAMiki dot fi

4/6/2005 5:04:51 PM (Eastern Daylight Time, UTC-04:00)

Good tip but there's a good reason for using xargs. The following command will fail when you run it in SLOWARIS (Sun Solaris).

> rm *
Arguments too long
> ls | wc -l
8055

I think the problem has more to do with the C-Shell on SLOWARIS than the commands themselves. The find command is affected. The piping the output stream to xargs seem to solve the problem. For example:

> ls | xargs rm
> ls | wc -1
0

Go figure.

Cybersam

4/6/2005 7:51:13 PM (Eastern Daylight Time, UTC-04:00)

Ah, there is some static table for the command line arguments. The likely size of the shell is 512 or 256, not likely be more. These kind of problems are common in older system, and sometimes cause strange bugs to appear. I have been wrestling with them days in the past (back in 1988 when I was a shell programmer in Nokia Data, and also later).

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That made sense...

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